Table 1

Comparison of different underwater robots in terms of capabilities.

Robot type Control mode Depth range Inspection capabilities Repair capabilities
ROV [42] Human-controlled 2000m+ High-resolution imaging Equipped with robotic arms
AUV [43] Autonomous 4000m+ Large-area scanning No direct repair capabilities
UVMS [44] Hybrid 3000m+ Inspection & repair High dexterity with manipulators

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