Table 1
Integrated safety evaluation index system for tunnel construction.
| Stage | Index dimension | Typical evaluation indicators | Applicable hazard types |
|---|---|---|---|
| Investigation & Design | Geological Factors | Tunnel depth, in-situ stress, lithological composition, and fault development | Collapse, mud/water inrush, large deformation |
| Design Parameters | Excavation section size, initial support parameters, and construction method | Collapse, large deformation | |
| Advance Prediction | Geophysical Data | Anomalous reflections in advance detection, rock mass integrity within detection range | Mud/water inrush, collapse |
| Simulation Output | Stress–strain distribution of the surrounding rock, plastic zone expansion trend | Large deformation, collapse | |
| Excavation Monitoring | Real-Time Measurements | Convergence deformation, crown settlement, and internal force of support structures | Large deformation, collapse |
| Safety Feedback | Early warning levels, abnormal response rate | Mud/water inrush, collapse, large deformation |
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