Design optimization and experimental assessment of DC motor for robotic actuation using finite element analysisCaixia Guo, Chao Yu, Liya Shi, Yuewen Su, Xubo Li, Keli Yang and Canjun WangInt. J. Metrol. Qual. Eng., 17 (2026) 1DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2025010